Dickens Creation of a Picture of Nineteenth Century...

Dickens Creation of a Picture of Nineteenth Century School in Nicholas Nickleby This essay demonstrates how Charles Dickens, the author of the novel Nicholas Nickleby creates an image of the 19th century school Dothebys Hall School for Boys. Also I will be discussing the conditions of the school, the description of the boys and the protagonists (Mr. Squeers, Smike and Nicholas.) In the 19th century the rich students were treated pleasantly because they had the money to pay the school however the poor students were treated harshly. Also, in the 19th century there was no social service so the teachers could do as they wished to the students. When Dickens was writing this novel, conditions in†¦show more content†¦In addition here is another quotation an unhealthy looking boy with warts all over his hands. This portrays that the children are not being given any medicine for any wounds. Dickens is trying to make the reader create a picture that makes them feel repentant for the boys. However, Dickens shows the character Mr. and Mrs. Squeers as the symbol of evil and violence in this novel. Mr. Squeers has power in the beginning of the story but through the extent of the novel he looses the power to Nicholas Nickleby and the children gain hope from Nicholas Nickleby. For example administering a cut with the cane. This examines that Mr. Squeers has the power to do what ever he wishes to the children. Mr. Squeers looses his power over the children at the end for example beat the ruffian till he roared for mercy. This studies how Mr. Squeers is weakened by one man. Nickleby also uses violence to gain power over Mr. Squeers Nickelby uses violence for the right reason. The character Nickleby is shown to be nice, mature and understanding. Nickleby stands up to Mr. and Mrs. Squeers for example flung Squeers from him with all the

The Theory Of Health Literacy - 788 Words

Identify the article you reviewed and the theoretical framework used to explore the practice problem. The article by Weld, Padden, Ramsey, Garmon Bibb (2008) examines models used to research health literacy in relation to access and outcome. From a theoretical perspective, researchers assessed the concepts of â€Å"health communication, health disparities, health literacy, literacy, microrange theory, military health system, patient education, theoretical framework, universal access† (p. 308). To study the phenomenon of health literacy, they â€Å"present a conceptual framework adapted for use in studying health literacy in population groups with universal access to care† (p. 309). The â€Å"Health Literacy Framework (HLF)† †¦ â€Å"is an interactive model that places literacy as the foundation of health literacy† (p. 312). In this model, â€Å"Health literacy serves as the active mediator between individuals and health contexts, and this active mediation, in turn, impacts individual health outcomes and costs† (p. 312). Three elements used to determine health literacy in this model include; â€Å"culture and society, educational system, and health system† (p. 312). In addition, â€Å"the general HLF was adapted to guide the research study in the military medical center† (p. 314). A major reason for this approach was the universal access to healthcare. â€Å"The adapted approach or microrange theory is referred to as the universal access theory for health literacy skills (UAT) with military focus. WasShow MoreRelatedNursess Promotion Of Health Literacy Using Theories1706 Words   |  7 PagesPromotion of Health Literacy Using Theories Health literacy has been a problem with our patients. 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Literacy is defined as understanding, thinking and practicing the use of language in different

Women in the Great Depression Free Essays

The Great Depression was a time of extreme hardship for many around the world especially within Australia. It began before the market crash in prices and lasted until World War 2. Many people became unemployed with a record at 29%. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in the Great Depression or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many lost their houses forcing families, women and men to relocate to alternative accommodation. Women were especially affected by the disastrous depression. The importance of their roles within the household increased. Women were kept busy finding food, providing for their family, working and Juggling between children. Food What was the most common food available? Food In the Great Depression was very limited and scarce. Flower gardens were converted to vegetable gardens, mushrooms and blackberries were collected and fishing or rehabbing also became important if one lived in an appropriate area. The men usually took on the role of hunting, while the women stayed at home and cooked. For women It was particularly difficult, It was hard to create filling meals due to lack of ingredients. Bread and dripping, mince and soup was the most common food served in a variety of ways, it was the staple diet of many unemployed. Another common and popular meal known throughout many Australian households was Golden syrup and treacle. Housing How did housing styles and architecture change through the great depression? During the great depression, there was a shortage of tradesmen. Ceilings of houses were lowered and the paneling became larger. The floor plan was much more simple and houses were smaller. Most were only one storey In height. The style of roof construction also changed. Many houses In that era had a â€Å"sleep out. † A â€Å"sleep out† was an outside patio or area allowing people to sleep on, on a hot summer night. It was also used for a healthy alternative to fresh air, as a common disease known back then was Tuberculosis and there was no cure. The front bricks were usually a very dark blue/black brick with brown â€Å"commons† on the side. The houses were very functional and well built for their time. Many people were evicted of their homes because they were unable to pay the landlord. The houses were left empty which then resulted in most situations becoming vandalized and damaged. What was the most common type of housing known throughout this time and seen In many suburbs across Australia? The most common types of architecture included the California Bungalow, Agrarian, Spanish Mission and the Old English. Clothing Where did women shop and what did they wear during this era? The clothing of women during the sass’s reflected highly upon their social status and the levels of unemployment and poverty. Many high-class women shopped at large department stores including Grace Brothers and Meyer. They were influenced upon the high-end fashions seen throughout films. Charity balls were a perfect occasion to show off their new outfits. In an autumn catalogue called Sears, It quotes â€Å"Thrift Is the spells of he day, reckless spending is a thing of the past. † For the poor, clothing was usually hand-me-downs make from simple fabrics like cotton and wool. Women also began to 1 OFF How did women in particular entertainment themselves through the great depression? Much of the entertainment was centered within the home. Evenings were spent singing round the piano or playing cards. For those who were unable to afford outings, the radio was extremely popular. Sporting events became a main activity for many including Cricket and horse races such as the Melbourne Cup. For the wealthy r those who were able to source full time work, charity balls and parties were held on Friday and Saturday nights in the city or middle-class suburbs. The poor did not attend these events; however for those who could, enjoyed the luxurious scenes, lavish food, tasteful drinks and extravagant dancing. Another popular source of entertainment included going to the cinemas. For many it was a place to escape their everyday life and sit back and relax. 95% of the films came from Hollywood. Live theatre was a cheap and effective source of entertainment. Many attended a performance by the comedian the clown Roy Rene. Work How was finding work difficult for women? Throughout the great depression many women struggled to earn income and provide for their families. In 1932, the level of unemployment in Adelaide, South Australia was 29% according to http://aura. Anis. Du. AU/R/? Fun=dobbin-Jump- full=unisa25993 written by Rosemary Green. For women it was particularly difficult to find employment, wages were low and many found it hard to make a living. Most married women were expected to devote themselves to household work and caring for children, while on the other hand men worked to earn an income. They also received a greater burden even after working all day they were expected to cook dinner and maintain house order. Loss of Job could’ve been disastrous, unemployment was a major issue causing poverty and the government did not fund women during the depression. What was the most common area of employment? Most women were restricted to only certain areas within the workforce. Women were still concentrated in traditional Jobs, the major area of employment being domestic service, industrial work in clothing and textile manufacturing, consumer goods, commerce and fiance and public and professional administration. How to cite Women in the Great Depression, Papers

Marketing Practices of Modern Businesses †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is the Proper Marketing Practices of Modern Businesses? Answer: Introduction In the contemporary market scenario, the organisations seeking success in the target market must make the assessment of the target demographics profile. Invariably, by doing so, modern business firms can perform significant marketing exercise suitable for business dynamics. Precisely, the segmentation of target market, identifying the particular target market, and positioning the business according to the preferences of target demographics should be done effectively to gain a comprehensive competitive advantage in the challenging business environment. In the reported study paper, the target marketing practices of ALDI Australia have been illustrated. ALDI is one of the renowned discount supermarket chains operating in the retail industry in Australia. The retail supermarket chain had opened the first store in the Australian market in 2001 ("ALDI Australia", 2017). The retail business of ALDI offers diversified products including food, beverages, household consumer goods, and sanitary articles to the target audience in Australia. Moreover, the retail outlets of ALDI have provided quality products at affordable price improving the living standard of the target public. In the context of marketing practices, the aim of the study is to identify the different types of audience segmentation, and the advantages and disadvantages of each of the segmentation process. Secondly, based on the outcome of the target market segmentation strategy, the study identifies the primary and secondary target market for ALDI. Alternatively, the final aim of the study is to evaluate how ALDI is positioned in the target market and the reason behind such positioning strategy. Audience Segmentation In modern marketing practices, the method of dividing a target market of impending customers into particular segments or cluster in terms of individual behaviour and characteristics is called market segmentation (McDonald, Dunbar, 2013). Precisely, market segments have been created to identify the similar types of target audience that can respond correspondingly to a marketing strategy. In the underlying section, the ways in which an organisation can segment its target audience have been analysed. Geographic Segmentation Geographic segmentation is one of the most fundamental ways of audience segmentation based on geographic location and areas such as regions, cities, and countries etc (Ray Chaudhuri, 2014). In case of ALDI, Western Australian market, New South Wales market, and other regional markets can be segmented following the strategy. The advantages and disadvantages of such segmentation have been briefed as follows: Advantages Considers Cultural Differences of Target regions: Geographic segmentation strategy considers the leading differences in culture among the target regions to segment the target audience (Miles, 2014). Thus, consumer can be listed according to the similar behavioural differences and cultural differences. Effective for firms having limited geographic reach: The approach is significantly valuable for the firms having limited reach to a massive target location. By applying the specific segmentation strategy, a company can operate different geographic area in an efficient way (Shi, Gu, Chhajed, Petruzzi, 2016). Disadvantages Assuming similar consumer needs: During geographic segmentation of target market audience, it is assumed that each of the consumer belonged to the same geographic segment possesses similar needs (Miles, 2014). However, the originality is different as customers included in a geographic segment can have difference choice of needs. Hence, it is one of the disadvantages of the strategy. Effective in combination with another segmentation strategy: As similar geographic segmented customers have different choices of needs, the strategy must be utilised in a combination with another market segmentation strategy to become more successful. Therefore, it is a limitation for geographic segmentation method. Demographics Segmentation Demographic segmentation of target audience has been done based on age, gender, income status, race, religion, family size, and nationality of the target demographics (McDonald, Dunbar, 2013). In case of ALDI, age segmentation will include kids, young, adults, and older people. Also, the income status should be taken into consideration to offer products to a larger target audience pool. In the underlying section, the advantages and disadvantages of the segmentation strategy have been analysed. Advantages Rich Data Sources: By using such market segmentation strategy suitable data can be collected from rich sources in a convenient procedure. Based on the data, certain demographic information can be used by the companies such as ALDI during product development as well as developing marketing strategies. Easy to manage: Demographic segmentation method is one of the simplest methods to identify the target audience. Precisely, retail companies such as ALDI can utilise such market segmentation method to measure the demand and fundamental needs of the target audience (McDonald, Dunbar, 2013). Also, managing the customers and sales of the business will become easier by applying the strategy of demographic market segmentation. Disadvantages Descriptive and Theoretical Concept: The entire concept of demographic segmentation is descriptive and based on theoretical ideas. Meanwhile, there is little understanding of the target demographics profile. Assuming similar consumer needs in same demographic segment: Demographic segmentation also assumes that each of the target audience belonged to the same segment has possessed similar needs and lifestyle (Miles, 2014). Hence, it is a substantial limitation for the market segmentation strategy. Psychographic Segmentation Psychographic segmentation is a method of market segmentation that divides a target market based on the lifestyle, attitude, social class, personality, interest and preferences, and activities of demographics (Hunt, Arnett, 2014). By considering the customer purchasing behaviour, ALDI can utilise such strategy in market segmentation to influence the marketing activities in the target Australian retain sector. Advantages Greater Insight on Target Demographics: Based on the market research, psychographic segmentation can provide greater insight into the demographics as per the standard of living, attitude, social class, personality, interest, and lifestyle of the consumers. Thus, the marketing practices of ALDI can be influenced by adopting such market segmentation strategy. Create motivation in product purchasing: By developing marketing campaigns according to the psychographic needs of the target audience, such market segmentation method can be helpful to motivate the target audience to buy new products. Disadvantages Lengthy market research: Psychographic segmentation requires substantial market research i.e. both qualitative and quantitative research that can be so much expensive (Parker, Don, McLoughlin, 2010). Hence, such segmentation cannot be suitable for SMEs. Difficult to reach the market segment: Alternatively, psychographic segments within a target market cannot be reached easily by the conventional marketing methods. Therefore, it is one of the fundamental limitations of psychographic segmentation (Zolfagharian, Cortes, 2010). Behavioural Segmentation By identifying the purchasing behaviour of the target market audience, behavioural segmentation of a market can be done (Hunt, Arnett, 2014). Based on the knowledge, perception, and attitude towards a product or service of the target demographics, ALDI can create behavioural segmentation for marketing efficiency. Advantages Competitive Advantage gain: In case of developed markets where target audience is highly knowledgeable, such market segmentation strategy will be eventful. By evaluating behavioural segmentation of the market, firms can get competitive advantage over the other market players (Ren, Yang, Diao, 2010). Unique for marketing: Behavioural segmentation can be a unique marketing strategy to develop latest product or service category. Thus, the need of the target audience can be met to influence the purchasing behaviour of the demographics (Wood, Pierson, 2016). Disadvantages Lack of buying consideration: In behavioural market segmentation, marketers actually do not identify why the consumers are interested in buying the products. Therefore, a marketing uncertainty can be attached to such segmentation strategy (Aaker, 2015). Hence, it is a limitation for behavioural segmentation. Market intelligence dependency: On the other hand, such market segmentation needs to be done after analysis of detailed market data related to sales. Such market intelligence dependency is one of the primary disadvantages of behavioural market segmentation. Target Market Analysis The demand of the consumers varies from one market to another. On the other hand, it is not possible for the ALDI Australia to meet the varying demand of its all market segments due to the availability of limited resources. Hence, the theory of market targeting is applied to choose the most suitable segment for the company to expand its business (Zolfagharian, Cortes, 2010). While making the target market decisions, the marketers need to consider different factors such as how the current segment is served by the present rivalries, the size of the segment and the capability of the company to serve the chosen segment (Weinstein, 2014). On the basis of the factors, the primary and secondary target markets are chosen for which the company develops its positioning strategy. The primary and secondary target market for ALDI Australia has been discussed herein below: Primary Market The primary market for ALDI Australia is the low and middle income people. The primary market consists of people with annual income of $20,000 to $100,000. The first reason for targeting this market is its size. According to the study, it can be seen that more than 50 percent of the Australians earn an annual income between $20,000 and $100,000 (Bennett, Blythe, 2012). Hence, by targeting this segment, the company can convert the maximum population of the country into its potential customers. On the other hand, most of the rivals in the market offer premium range of products at a higher price (Wang, 2015). The cost leadership model of the firm can help it to offer products at cheaper price to target the low and middle income people. Hence, the market consisting of customers with lower and middle income can be considered as the primary market for ALDI Australia. Secondary Market The secondary market for ALDI Australia is the fashion and lifestyle market. The secondary market consists of consumers of younger generation who are fond of fashionable and lifestyle products at cheaper price. Hence, the company offer apparels and trending gears for this market to attract the customers. The first reason to choose this segment as a target market is the capability of the company to serve these customers (Wang, 2015). On the other hand, the high demand for garments and fashion products increases the size of the segment and provide potential growth opportunity to ALDI Australia. Hence, the company needs to develop differentiated products and offer them at cheaper price to seek growth in the secondary target market. Positioning Positioning is an effort made by the marketers to influence the perception of the consumers over a brand or product related to the perception over the competing brands or products. The primary objective of the positioning strategy is to occupy a unique, clear and advantageous position in the mind of the consumers (Friedmann, 2007). The marketing strategies are developed by the marketers in order to improve the brand positioning over the rivals and occupy a better market share. In order to achieve a better market positioning, the marketers develop a balanced marketing mix that include the product, price, promotion and place strategy of the brand (de Ruyter, Scholl, 2008). For instance, the positioning strategy is used by the marketers to develop a better brand image and seek competitive advantage in the market. On the other hand, the positioning strategy helps the firm to improve its revenue model and seek sustainable growth in the battle of market competition (Vanderveer, Pines, 20 07). How does ALDI Position itself The primary aim of ALDI is to offer the customers quality products in cheaper price as compared to the other supermarkets. In context to the Australian market, the company charges around 30 percent lower price than the other supermarkets. Hence, the pricing policy of the company has helped the company to develop a good image among the consumers (Wood, Pierson, 2016). On the other hand, the company does not compromise with its quality in order to offer a cheaper price. The cost leadership model of the firm helps the brand to maintain its competitive pricing policy. Meanwhile, the increased use of technology has made it difficult for the retailers to support the changing habits of the consumers. For instances, the younger generation consumers prefer window shopping using the internet. ALDI Australia lacks in providing an e-commerce online store for the consumers that impacts its sales. Furthermore, the less number of stores as compared to Woolworths Group and Wesfarmers Group flattens the retail market of Australia and makes ALDI hold the third position in the Australian market in terms of its in store sales. In the year 2015, the company hold around 12.1 percent of the total retail market share (Wood, Pierson, 2016). A figure has been presented herein below for further consideration: Figure: Market Share of the retailers in Australia Source: (Wood, Pierson, 2016) Why should or shouldnt ALDI position itself like this ALDI Australia position itself as a cheaper and quality supermarket brand that has helped the international enterprise to seek growth in the Australian market. ALDI has been quite successful with its positioning strategy in the last 10 years. The company has effectively increased its market share from 5.5 percent to 12.1 percent between 2007 and 2015 (Wood, Pierson, 2016). On the other hand, the low pricing policy of the company has been quite effective in attracting the customers from different segments. Hence, the current positioning of ALDI is quite effective for the company to seek growth in the short run. But, with emerging challenges and growing competition in the retail market, the current positioning of the firm is not suitable to seek sustainable growth in the long run. Firstly, the company has its website that can be used to search the store locations and get details about the firm and its products. The website of the company does not offer buying or selling of product. With the changing demographic factors and purchasing behaviour of the consumers, it is quite important for ALDI to develop an e-commerce website to reach more number of potential customers. The online portal will act as a virtual store for the firm that will further improve its brand positioning in the market (Bennett, Blythe, 2012). On the other hand, it will increase the sales of the firm by reaching customers who are unable to visit the existing stores due to the busy schedule of their life. Secondly, the number of stores of ALDI is quite less than the other supermarket giants such as Woolworths and Coles. Hence, the company needs to increase the number of stores in order to improve its market positioning. Finally, ALDI needs to make changes in its promotion strategy in order to enhance its market share. The management of ALDI should invest on digital marketing tactics in order to improve the marketing positioning of the brand. Conclusion On the basis of the above analysis, a supermarket retailer such as ALDI Australia can segment its market using demographic segmentation, geographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation and behavioural segmentation. Moreover, the primary market for ALDI Australia is the low and middle income people who search for quality products at cheaper price. On the other hand, the secondary market for ALDI is the fashion and lifestyle market. The company has effectively implemented its positioning strategy and have achieved success in the previous years. However, ALDI Australia needs to make changes in its positioning strategy to seek competitive advantage and sustainable growth in the future. References Aaker, D. (2015).Strategic market management(1st ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. ALDI Australia. (2017).ALDI.com.au. Retrieved May 2017, from https://www.ALDI.com.au/en/about-ALDI/australian-made/ Bennett, R., Blythe, J. (2012).International marketing (1st ed.). London: Kogan Page. de Ruyter, K., Scholl, N. (2008). Positioning qualitative market research: reflections from theory and practice.Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal,1(1), 7-14. Friedmann, S. (2007).Riches in niches(1st ed.). Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press. Hunt, S., Arnett, D. (2014). Market Segmentation Strategy, Competitive Advantage, and Public Policy: Grounding Segmentation Strategy in Resource-Advantage Theory.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),12(1), 7-25. McDonald, M., Dunbar, I. (2013).Market segmentation(1st ed.). Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Miles, C. (2014).Interactive marketing(1st ed.). London: Routledge. Parker, S., Don, B., McLoughlin, K. (2010). Exploring market barriers.International Journal Of Market Research,52(6), 731. Ray Chaudhuri, A. (2014). Cross-Border Mergers and Market Segmentation.The Journal Of Industrial Economics,62(2), 229-257. Ren, Y., Yang, D., Diao, X. (2010). Market segmentation strategy in internet market.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics And Its Applications,389(8), 1688-1698. Shi, T., Gu, W., Chhajed, D., Petruzzi, N. (2016). Effects of Remanufacturable Product Design on Market Segmentation and the Environment.Decision Sciences,47(2), 298-332. Vanderveer, R., Pines, N. (2007). Customer-Driven Positioning: The next generation approach to pharmaceutical product positioning.Journal Of Medical Marketing,7(1), 71-76. Wang, H. (2015). A new approach to network analysis for brand positioning.International Journal Of Market Research,57(5), 727. Weinstein, A. (2014). Target market selection in B2B technology markets.Journal Of Marketing Analytics,2(1), 59-69. Wood, L., Pierson, B. (2016). The brand description of Sainsbury's and ALDI: price and quality positioning.International Journal Of Retail Distribution Management,34(12), 904-917. Zolfagharian, M., Cortes, A. (2010). Linking Market Orientation To Strategy Through Segmentation Complexity.Journal Of Business Economics Research (JBER),8(9).